HBV 감염과 관련된 CHB에 대한 진단 기준과 임상 용어는 table 6에 정리되어 있습니다. 감염이 만성이려면 HBsAg이 적어도 6개월 이상 존재해야 합니다. HBV 자체는 직접적으로 cytopathic하지 않으며 바이러스에 감염된 hepatocytes에 대한 host response가 간세포 손상을 일으키는 것으로 여겨집니다. 장기적인 만성 간염증와 비효과적인 면역매개 바이러스 제거는 간경변증과 간세포암에 기여합니다. 간섬유화뿐만 아니라 ALT, HBV DNA 수치는 치료 반응뿐만 아니라 치료 시작 결정을 알려주는 장기 결과의 중요한 예견인자입니다. 그러므로 ALT, HBV-DNA 수치의 연속적인 측정이 치료 결정을 위해 필요합니다. 추가적으로 간조직검사 또는 elastography와 같은 비침습적 검사를 이용한 liver disease severity의 staging은 감시를 안내하고 치료 결정을 도와주는 데 중용합니다.
The diagnostic criteria for CHB and clinical terms relating to HBV infection are summarized in Table 6. The presence of HBsAg for at least 6 months establishes the chronicity of infection. As HBV is not directly cytopathic, host responses to the virus-infected hepatocytes are believed to mediate liver cell injury and, with long-term chronic liver inflammation and ineffective immune-mediated viral clearance, contribute to the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Importantly, CHB is a dynamic disease and individuals with CHB can transition through different clinical phases with variable levels of serum ALT activity, HBV DNA, and HBV antigens. The levels of serum ALT and HBV DNA as well as liver fibrosis are important predictors of long-term outcome that inform decisions for treatment initiation as well as treatment response. Therefore, serial testing of ALT and HBV-DNA levels are needed to guide treatment decisions. Additionally, staging of liver disease severity using liver biopsy or noninvasive tests such as elastography are important in guiding surveillance and assisting with treatment decisions.
건강한 성인의 ALT ULN(upper limits of normal)은 남자에서는 29-33 U/L, 여자에서는 19-25 U/L입니다. CHB 관리 목적으로는 남자 ALT ULN는 35 U/L, 여자 ALT ULN는 25 U/L입니다(Fig. 1). 같은 샘플이여도 반복 검사에서 차이가 있을 수 있으며 이 때문에 ALT 수치가 치료 cutoff 근처인 경우 임상의는 반복검사를 시행합니다.
The upper limits of normal (ULN) for ALT in healthy adults are reported to be 29-33 U/L for males
and 19-25 U/L for females.(94-96) For purposes of guiding management of CHB, a ULN for ALT of 35 U/L for males and 25 U/L for females is recommended(Fig. 1), though differences in repeat testing
of the same sample have been described.This might prompt clinicians to repeat testing when a single
ALT elevation is near the cutoff for treatment. Interpretation of ALT elevations in the context of
treatment decisions requires consideration that the ALT elevation may be attributed to causes other than CHB, such as drug-induced liver injury, alcoholassociated liver disease, or fatty liver.
FIG. 1. Algorithm for management of HBsAg-positive persons without cirrhosis who are HBeAg-positive (A) or HBeAgnegative(B).
*The upper limits of normal for ALT in healthy adults are reported to be 29-33 U/L for
males and 19-25 U/L for females. An upper limit of normal for ALT of 35 U/L for males and 25 U/L for females is
recommended to guide management decisions.
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