의대생 때 배웠던 5가지 TORCH acronym은 다음과 같습니다.
● Toxoplasmosis
● Other (syphilis)
● Rubella
● Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
● Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Clinical manifestations that are suggestive of specific congenital infections in the neonate
|
Congenital toxoplasmosis |
|
Intracranial calcifications (diffuse) |
|
Hydrocephalus |
|
Chorioretinitis |
|
Otherwise unexplained mononuclear CSF pleocytosis or elevated CSF protein |
|
Congenital syphilis |
|
Skeletal abnormalities (osteochondritis and periostitis) |
|
Pseudoparalysis |
|
Persistent rhinitis |
|
Maculopapular rash (particularly on palms and soles or in diaper area) |
|
Congenital rubella |
|
Cataracts, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy |
|
Congenital heart disease (most commonly patent ductus arteriosus or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis) |
|
Radiolucent bone disease |
|
Sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Congenital cytomegalovirus |
|
Thrombocytopenia |
|
Periventricular intracranial calcifications |
|
Microcephaly |
|
Hepatosplenomegaly |
|
Sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Herpes simplex virus |
|
Perinatally acquired HSV infection |
|
Mucocutaneous vesicles |
|
CSF pleocytosis |
|
Thrombocytopenia |
|
Elevated liver transaminases |
|
Conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis |
|
Congenital (in utero) HSV infection (rare) |
|
Skin vesicles, ulcerations, or scarring |
|
Eye abnormalities (eg, micro-ophthalmia) |
|
Brain abnormalities (eg, hydranencephaly, microcephaly) |
|
Congenital varicella |
|
Cicatricial or vesicular skin lesions |
|
Microcephaly |
|
Congenital Zika syndrome |
|
Microcephaly |
|
Intracranial calcifications |
|
Arthrogryposis |
|
Hypertonia/spasticity |
|
Ocular abnormalities |
|
Sensorineural hearing loss |
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; HSV: herpes simplex virus.
REF. UpToDate 2019.11.13
