Conditions that predispose to aspiration
|
Altered consciousness |
|
Alcoholism, seizures, head trauma, general anesthesia, drug overdose |
|
Dysphagia |
|
Esophageal disorders including stricture, neoplasm, diverticula, tracheoesophageal fistula, incompetent cardiac sphincter, achalasia, oropharyngeal obstruction, xerostomia |
|
Neurologic disorder |
|
Cerebrovascular accident, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, myasthenia gravis, pseudobulbar palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
|
Mechanical disruption of the usual defense barriers |
|
Nasogastric tube, endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, bronchoscopy |
|
Other |
|
Protracted vomiting, gastric outlet obstruction, large-volume nasogastric tube feedings, pharyngeal anesthesia, general debility, recumbent position, ascites, gastroparesis, ileus, glottic insufficiency (eg, vocal cord paralysis) |
REF. UpToDate 2019.08.07
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