고혈압, 식단, Hypertension, DASH diet

The DASH eating plan is the diet best demonstrated to be effective for lowering BP. Because the DASH diet is high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, it provides a means to enhance intake of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and fiber. In hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults, the DASH diet has produced overall reductions in SBP of approximately 11 mm Hg and 3 mm Hg, respectively, and the diet was especially effective in blacks. When combined with weight loss or a reduction in sodium intake, the effect size was substantially increased. Most of the clinical trial experience comes from short-term feeding studies , but lifestyle change with the DASH diet has been successful in at least 2 trials that used a behavioral intervention over a 4-month or 6-month period of follow-up. Websites and books provide advice on implementation of the DASH diet. Counseling by a knowledgeable nutritionist can be helpful. Several other diets, including diets that are low in calories from carbohydrates, high-protein diets, vegetarian diets, and a Mediterranean dietary pattern, have been shown to lower BP.

REF 2017 ACC/AHA guideline